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Flora of Australia - Australia is a separate state vegetable (Australis) of a specific flora, with a large number of endemics (eg, 750 grade and 450 grade eucalyptus acacia) predominate in plant formations characteristic of dry and hot climates. The interior of the continent occupy sandy deserts (no vegetation) and semidesert of słonoroślami and prickly bushes (stunted acacias, Eucalyptus, kazuaryny, łobody et al.) Forming the so-called. skrub. Desert and semidesert borders, especially from the north, the steppes twardolistnych grasses. Steppes in the north pass the savannah, and these - in the monsoon forests, coastal south-east. and south-west. are covered with evergreen forests and laurel thickets. Is distinct vegetation east. parts of Australia: in areas with high rainfall (D peninsula. York) grow evergreen forests podrównikowe (fig, palm, pandanusy, lianas and epiphytes), and the north coast. - Mangroves, farther south, in the mountains, evergreen forests occur araukarii and notofagusów (beech pd), while the highest elevations in the Australian Alps - alpine vegetation. Business plagued Australia are accidentally introduced here and multiplying Prickly pears. |
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Fauna of Australia - is fundamentally different from the fauna of other regions of the world. Many Australian animals do not occur anywhere else. 83% of mammals, 89% of reptiles, 90% fish and 93% of amphibians living in Australia are endemics. This large number of endemic species is the result of a long geological isolation of the continent. Unique feature of the fauna of Australia is a complete lack of native placental mammals. Consequently, marsupials filled the ecological niches, which in other parts of the world deal with placentals. In Australia, two species of monotreme live are indirect link between reptiles and mammals.
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Australia is rich in all kinds of natural resources, so that considerable quantities of agricultural products, minerals, metals and fuels shall be for export. Now the country is one of the largest exporters in the world. The main export goods are coal, gold, petroleum products processing, alumina, iron ore, liquefied natural gas, uranium, nickel, silver, zinc, copper, sapphires and opals. Australia can also boast the largest mining bauxite, lead, and diamond for industrial use. The country is also the largest producer and exporter of wool - for decades, ranks first in the world. Exports are also present in meat, dairy products and cereals. Growing sugar cane, fruit trees, cotton and grapes.
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Australia was inhabited by people of European, mainly British descent. Small indigenous population of the area (Aborigines) was eradicated or relegated to the desert areas, and still plays in Australian society, a marginal role. The beginnings of settlement of the continent by the white population dates back to 1788, when the British government began to use Australia as a place of exile convicts. The first settlement was established in New South Wales, as he called James Cook discovered the new continent by itself, was a Port Jackson (later Sydney). For 1858 years were taken to Australia more than 160 thousand. prisoners.
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Australia - the sixth largest country in the world located on the Australian continent, which is the smallest of all continents, wrongly considered by some to be an island. Is the most densely populated eastern and south-east coast. Australia is the southern hemisphere and eastern Europe. It is also the flattest of all continents, with an average height of 292 m above sea level
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Terra Australis was the legendary continent placed by Ptolemy in his famous map. Since then, over a thousand years in the minds of Europeans, there was this huge, unknown and unexplored land. Putting it on the map is dictated by the need to balance the naive concept of the globe. According to her, that the globe has retained its vertical position, on the southern continent had to be of similar size as Eurasia, the burden of balancing the northern land mass. The first crack in the image of the world ptolemejskim was to find the eastern route to India (according to the Ptolemaic vision, barred the southern continent). This concept eventually obaliło discovery of Australia and visualization of the fact that it is a relatively small land. Final correction was made to discover Antarctica (see Antarctica discoveries and research).
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